Motivation Towards Positive Interventions Scales (MPIS)
|
English:
|
|
| ||||
|
Russian:
|
| ||
|
Croatian:
|
| ||
|
Italian:
|
| ||
This set of scales measures components derived from the theory of planned behavior adjusted to account for motivational processes involved in initiation of positive interventions (e.g. gratitude interventions: counting-blessings, gratitude letters, etc.). You can learn more about this approach from these publications:
Kaczmarek, L.D., Kashdan, T., B., Drążkowski, D., Enko, J., Kosakowski, M., Szaefer, A. Bujacz, A. (2015). Why do people prefer gratitude journaling over gratitude letters? The influence of individual differences in motivation and personality on web-based interventions. Personality and Individual Differences, 75, 1-6.
Kaczmarek, L. D., Kashdan, T., Drążkowski, D., Bujacz, A., & Goodman, F. (2014). Why do greater curiosity and fewer depressive symptoms predict gratitude intervention use? Utility beliefs, social norm beliefs, and perceived self-control. Personality and Individual Differences, 66, 165-170.
Introduction
[First, you need to provide a description of the planned positive intervention to your participants. Below are two examples: 'gratitude letter' and 'gratitude journal' interventions]
[Example of the gratitude letter introduction]
In recent years, research in psychology has established that performing certain activities can result in increased well-being and happiness. One of such activities is the ‘gratitude letter’. In this activity you write a letter to someone to express your gratitude. You type this letter using a dedicated website a send it over e-mail or traditional post, or hand it in personally. The whole intervention involves writing three gratitude letters with weekly intervals.
[Example of the gratitude journal introduction]
In recent years, research in psychology has established that performing certain activities can result in increased well-being and happiness. One of such activities is the ‘gratitude journal’. In this activity you write down up to five things in the past week that you are grateful for. You keep this journal using a dedicated website. The whole intervention involves writing three gratitude journal entries with weekly intervals.
[Next, you can ask the following questions:]
A
[Attitude. This set of bipolar adjective differential scales measures attitudes or utility beliefs, i.e. likely consequences of the positive intervention.]
What do you think about this intervention? Indicate a number from 1 to 7.
I think that this intervention is:
(Unpleasant) 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 (Pleasant)
(Bad) 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 (Good)
(Useless) 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 (Useful)
B
[Subjective norm. This set of items measures subjective norm or social norm beliefs, i.e. expectations of important others.]
Below are statements that you may agree or disagree with. Using the 1 - 7 scale below, indicate your agreement with each item.
1 - Strongly disagree
2 - Disagree
3 - Slightly disagree
4 - Neither agree nor disagree
5 - Slightly agree
6 - Agree
7 - Strongly agree
1. Most people who matter to me would approve my doing this intervention.
2. Most people important to me would say it is a good idea to perform this intervention.
3. Most people important to me, would want me to perform this intervention’’
C
[Perceived behavioral control. Perceived behavioral control or self-control beliefs, i.e. the perceived effort required for the intervention.]
Below are statements that you may agree or disagree with. Using the 1 - 7 scale below, indicate your agreement with each item.
1 - Strongly disagree
2 - Disagree
3 - Slightly disagree
4 - Neither agree nor disagree
5 - Slightly agree
6 - Agree
7 - Strongly agree
1. Performing this intervention would be very easy for me.
2. If I wanted to, I could perform this intervention without any problem.
3. I could perform this interventions without difficulty.
D
[Intentions. Behavioral intentions, i.e. planned action.]
Below are statements that you may agree or disagree with. Using the 1 - 7 scale below, indicate your agreement with each item.
1 - Strongly disagree
2 - Disagree
3 - Slightly disagree
4 - Neither agree nor disagree
5 - Slightly agree
6 - Agree
7 - Strongly agree
I intend to. . .
1. Try out this intervention.
2. Complete this intervention.
3. Introduce this intervention as a part of my life-style.
Kaczmarek, L.D., Kashdan, T., B., Drążkowski, D., Enko, J., Kosakowski, M., Szaefer, A. Bujacz, A. (2015). Why do people prefer gratitude journaling over gratitude letters? The influence of individual differences in motivation and personality on web-based interventions. Personality and Individual Differences, 75, 1-6.
Kaczmarek, L. D., Kashdan, T., Drążkowski, D., Bujacz, A., & Goodman, F. (2014). Why do greater curiosity and fewer depressive symptoms predict gratitude intervention use? Utility beliefs, social norm beliefs, and perceived self-control. Personality and Individual Differences, 66, 165-170.
Introduction
[First, you need to provide a description of the planned positive intervention to your participants. Below are two examples: 'gratitude letter' and 'gratitude journal' interventions]
[Example of the gratitude letter introduction]
In recent years, research in psychology has established that performing certain activities can result in increased well-being and happiness. One of such activities is the ‘gratitude letter’. In this activity you write a letter to someone to express your gratitude. You type this letter using a dedicated website a send it over e-mail or traditional post, or hand it in personally. The whole intervention involves writing three gratitude letters with weekly intervals.
[Example of the gratitude journal introduction]
In recent years, research in psychology has established that performing certain activities can result in increased well-being and happiness. One of such activities is the ‘gratitude journal’. In this activity you write down up to five things in the past week that you are grateful for. You keep this journal using a dedicated website. The whole intervention involves writing three gratitude journal entries with weekly intervals.
[Next, you can ask the following questions:]
A
[Attitude. This set of bipolar adjective differential scales measures attitudes or utility beliefs, i.e. likely consequences of the positive intervention.]
What do you think about this intervention? Indicate a number from 1 to 7.
I think that this intervention is:
(Unpleasant) 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 (Pleasant)
(Bad) 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 (Good)
(Useless) 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 (Useful)
B
[Subjective norm. This set of items measures subjective norm or social norm beliefs, i.e. expectations of important others.]
Below are statements that you may agree or disagree with. Using the 1 - 7 scale below, indicate your agreement with each item.
1 - Strongly disagree
2 - Disagree
3 - Slightly disagree
4 - Neither agree nor disagree
5 - Slightly agree
6 - Agree
7 - Strongly agree
1. Most people who matter to me would approve my doing this intervention.
2. Most people important to me would say it is a good idea to perform this intervention.
3. Most people important to me, would want me to perform this intervention’’
C
[Perceived behavioral control. Perceived behavioral control or self-control beliefs, i.e. the perceived effort required for the intervention.]
Below are statements that you may agree or disagree with. Using the 1 - 7 scale below, indicate your agreement with each item.
1 - Strongly disagree
2 - Disagree
3 - Slightly disagree
4 - Neither agree nor disagree
5 - Slightly agree
6 - Agree
7 - Strongly agree
1. Performing this intervention would be very easy for me.
2. If I wanted to, I could perform this intervention without any problem.
3. I could perform this interventions without difficulty.
D
[Intentions. Behavioral intentions, i.e. planned action.]
Below are statements that you may agree or disagree with. Using the 1 - 7 scale below, indicate your agreement with each item.
1 - Strongly disagree
2 - Disagree
3 - Slightly disagree
4 - Neither agree nor disagree
5 - Slightly agree
6 - Agree
7 - Strongly agree
I intend to. . .
1. Try out this intervention.
2. Complete this intervention.
3. Introduce this intervention as a part of my life-style.